Chromosome numbers of some Arkansas flowering plants. Louis 12(4): plate VIII (8) line drawing of Echinacea paradoxa as Brauneria paradoxa Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): 40–41 description and commentary in English, as Brauneria paradoxa illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian 3: 476 description in English plus lline drawing ^ Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison 1913.^ a b c Flora of North America, Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton.^ a b c d "Ozark Coneflower (Echinacea paradoxa paradoxa)".^ a b Echinacea paradoxa United States Department of Agriculture plants profile.^ "Echinacea paradoxa - Plant Finder".The showy flowers produced throughout the summer are a good nectar source for butterflies. A single older plant can have many stems of flowering heads. Habitats include partially sunny to sunny savannas, glades, limestone outcroppings, barrens, open hillsides, and bald knobs. The large, showy flower heads of purple coneflower can appear in open woodlands throughout most of Missouri. It is listed as critically imperiled in Oklahoma and presumed extirpated in Texas. One isolated population was reported from Montgomery County in eastern Texas. neglecta, or Bush's purple coneflower, is currently only known to exist in the wild in the Arbuckle Mountains region of southeastern Oklahoma. paradoxa, or yellow coneflower, is endemic to the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas. Distribution and habitat Įchinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa has a baseline chromosome number of x = 11, like most Echinacea plants. neglecta - pink or white rays Oklahoma and Texas - Bush's purple coneflower Įchinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa - yellow rays - Arkansas and Missouri - yellow coneflower or Ozark coneflower The central head is dome-shaped and dark reddish brown to nearly black. Each flower head is about 5–6 cm (2–2.5 in) across. One plant can produce several flower heads, each with white, pink, or yellow ray florets surrounding a central head of numerous disk florets. The basal leaves are 8–45 cm (3–18 in) long and narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, and the stem leaves are 4–35 cm (2–14 in) long and linear to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate. They are alternate, becoming shorter higher up on the stem, and they are completely absent on the upper two-thirds of the stem. Most of the leaves are basal leaves with smooth margins. Description Įchinacea paradoxa is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 ft) tall with multiple, slightly hairy stems arising from the rootstock. It is native to southern Missouri, Arkansas, and south-central Oklahoma, It is listed as threatened in Arkansas. neglectaĮchinacea paradoxa, the yellow coneflower, Bush's purple coneflower, or Ozark coneflower, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. neglecta (McGregor) Binns, B.R.Baum & Arnason, syn of var. Specific epithet means pale in probable reference to the pale pinkish-purple petals. Genus name of Echinacea comes from the Greek word echinos meaning hedgehog or sea-urchin in reference to the spiny center cone found on most flowers in the genus. Best flower display is in late June to late July, with sporadic continued bloom into autumn. This species is distinguished by (a) thin, extremely-reflexed rays which almost droop straight down and (b) very narrow, parallel-veined leaves which have no teeth. Flowers appear on rigid stems to 2-3’ (less frequently to 4’) tall over a long summer bloom. It features narrow, parallel-veined, toothless, dark green leaves (4-10” long) and large, daisy-like flowers with drooping, pale pinkish-purple petals (ray flowers) and spiny, knob-like, coppery-orange center cones. Echinacea pallida, commonly known as pale purple coneflower, is a coarse, hairy perennial of prairies, savannahs, glades and open dry rocky woods from Nebraska to Michigan south to Georgia and Texas.
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